Religion Degrees Online

Course descriptions:
110. EXPLORING THE CHRISTIAN FAITH. 3 Cr. Hrs.
An introduction to the academic study of the Judeo-Christian tradition which acquaints the student with scholarly methods of study as well as central biblical/ theological concepts and vocabulary as they relate to, and are in dialogue with, philosophical, historical and theological questions of value and commitment. May be applied to Area 4.1.

Tradition and Culture
200. REASON, FAITH, AND THE SEARCH FOR MEANING.
See Philosophy 200.

216. THE PROBLEM AND PROMISE OF GOD FOR THE 21st CENTURY. 3 Cr. Hrs.
An exploration of various biblical and theological, historical and contemporary images used to portray and characterize God, including a discussion of the advantages and limitations of these conceptions for an intelligible and credible understanding of God. Prerequisite: Religion 110 or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

241. THEOLOGY IN A PHILOSOPHICAL CONTEXT. 3 Cr. Hrs.
This course is a survey of Western philosophical thought with the purpose of introducing students of theology to the philosophical ideas which have had a significant influence on the development of Christian theology. Prerequisite: Religion 110 or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

244. CHRISTOLOGY. 3 Cr. Hrs.
This course examines how the Christian movements witness of faith has understood the person of Jesus the Christ from both his relationship to God and how his person is expressed as fully human. Prerequisite: Religion 110 or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

245. AFTER AUSCHWITZ: THE SHOAH AND CHRISTIAN FAITH. 3 Cr. Hrs.
The word �Shoah� means desolution of cosmic proportions. Auschwitz and the killing of six million Jews from 1939-1945 was a �Shoah.� This course examines how the �holocaust� has and should affect Christian faith and life. Prerequisite: Religion 110 or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

210. ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES.

223. RELIGION AND AMERICAN CULTURE. 3 Cr. Hrs.
This course examines what happens to religious traditions that collide with and are shaped by American culture. Specifically, the Christian tradition is examined for the ways in which it has accommodated, compromised with, or resisted the pull of American culture. We will examine the interaction of religion and culture through film, art, music, television, and computer technology. Prerequisite: Religion 110, or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

224. LUTHERAN IDENTITY IN AN ECUMENICAL CONTEXT. 3 Cr. Hrs.
A study of the Lutheran Church as an historical entity with reference to doctrine, organization, practice, location, and ecumenical context. Prerequisite: Religion 110, or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

225. THE CHURCH IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE. 3 Cr. Hrs.
This course aims at introducing the student to Christian theology as it is being developed in an African context. This will be done through reading in African theology and in the history of the Church in Africa. Prerequisite: Religion 110 or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

232. CHRISTIAN ETHICS. 3 Cr. Hrs.
An exploration of the biblical vision of life and its meaning for human conduct. Attention will be given to Christian responses to selected contemporary moral issues. Prerequisite: Religion 110, or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

261. JUDAISM AND THE JEWISH PEOPLE. 3 Cr. Hrs.

310. DEATH, DYING, AND BEYOND.

Text and Context
211. STORY AND THEOLOGY. 3 Cr. Hrs.
An exploration of biblical and secular narrative with particular attention to their compositional conventions, theological convictions, and literary connections. Prerequisite: Religion 110, or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

212. LESSONS IN LIVING: BIBLICAL AND CONTEMPORARY REFLECTIONS ON WISDOM. 3 Cr. Hrs.
An exploration of the biblical wisdom books of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Job, and Song of Songs in conjunction with contemporary reflections on wisdom. Prerequisite: Religion 110, or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

213. POWER, POLITICS, AND THE BIBLICAL PROPHETS. 3 Cr. Hrs.
An exploration of the prophetic biblical literature with particular attention to the historical situation of the prophets as well as the contemporary relevance and importance of their message. Prerequisite: Religion 110, or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

214. THE LIFE AND TEACHINGS OF JESUS. 3 Cr. Hrs.
An examination of the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth through a study and analysis of the four written Gospels. Prerequisite: Religion 110, or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

215. THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF PAUL. 3 Cr. Hrs.
A study of the life and selected letters of the apostle Paul with particular concern for contemporary relevance. Prerequisite: Religion 110, or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

218. HOPE AND THE FUTURE. 3 Cr. Hrs.
Does the future hold the good that hasn�t happened yet or the bad? This course studies the ways Jewish and Christian scripture uses the future as a threat and as a hopeful sign. Close attention will be paid to the literary shape and function of resurrection narratives, especially as they draw on apocalyptic and eschatological texts. Prerequisite: Religion 110 or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

229. READING FOR MEANING AND TRUTH WITH HERMES, GOD OF THIEVES AND INTERPRETERS. 3 Cr. Hrs.
Do readers find truth or steal it? Create it or deconstruct it? This course explores how interpreters and texts dance with each other to discover and create meaning and truth. Interpretive theories will be explored, and literary, philosophical, and theological implications will be examined. Prerequisite: Religion 110 or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

253. THEOLOGY, PRAXIS AND MINISTRY. 3 Cr. Hrs.
Through examination of actual situations of explicit Christian ministry, both in the church and beyond the church, students will evaluate the degree to which theology is made manifest in actual human experience.

Contemporary Issues
219. GOD, SUFFERING, AND EVIL. 3 Cr. Hrs.
This course will analyze various theological and Biblical texts which seek to reconcile a suffering world to a moral God. The course will also examine the traditional problem of evil. Prerequisite: Religion 110, or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

220. GOD AND HUMAN SEXUALITY. 3 Cr. Hrs.
This course relates the human power of sexuality to traditional Christian biblical, theological, historical, and ethical attitudes toward God and human sexuality. These attitudes are examined as they confront contemporary cultural and scientific understandings of human sexuality. Discussion of sexual ethics will be a central part of the course. Prerequisite: Religion 110 or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

228. WILDMAN, WARRIOR; FAMILY MAN, FRIEND: GOD AND THE CHANGING SHAPE OF AMERICAN MASCULINITY. 3 Cr. Hrs.
An exploration of men�s studies and their relevance for the church, including a discussion of the social and religious constructions of masculinity and men�s changing roles and relationships. Prerequisite: Religion 110 or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

242. FEMINIST/WOMANIST THOUGHT. 3 Cr. Hrs.
This course is devoted to concentrated study in feminist theology and philosophy. Specific attention will be given to understanding the differences between feminist, womanist, and mujerista thought. Prerequisite: Religion 110 or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

243. CREATION AND COSMOLOGY: CONVERSATIONS BETWEEN SCIENCE AND RELIGION. 3 Cr. Hrs.
This course will develop the theological implications of the Christian doctrine of creation in light of current conversations between religion and science. The major topics of the course are: 1) a survey of the doctrine of creation, 2) theories, models, metaphors, and paradigms, 3) epistemological issues, and 4) spiritual dimensions of the doctrine of creation. Prerequisite: Religion 110 or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

235. ISSUES IN THEOLOGICAL ETHICS. 3 Cr. Hrs.
This course will examine major issues in theological ethics by focusing on a particular theological tradition and a representative theologian or ethicist and will examine particular doctrines and ethical dilemmas in philosophical, theological, and historical contexts. Prerequisite: Religion 110, or consent of instructor. May be applied to Area 4.2.

236. THEOLOGY, COMMUNITY AND DISCERNMENT. 3 Cr. Hrs.
In Christian theological ethics, perennial discussion turns to how Christians know what they are to do. This course will take up that question with particular attention to the role of community in Christian discernment.

237. THEOLOGY AND MEDICINE. 3 Cr. Hrs.
This course is a study of theological perspectives on issues in contemporary medicine. Rigorous intellectual attention will be given to the ways in which religious practices, beliefs, and institutions form and are formed by experiences of illness, heath, and medical sciences.

305. BIOMEDICAL ETHICS.
See Philosophy 305.

Seminar and Thesis Courses
300. SEMINAR IN THEOLOGICAL AND HERMENEUTICAL METHOD. 3 Cr. Hrs.
Theological perspectives and interpretive strategies are not static; they change as a result of the historical, philosophical, and cultural influences of the era in which they are formulated. This course explores the various theological traditions and hermeneutical perspectives of selected historical eras.

320.(W) SEMINAR IN BIBLICAL STUDIES. 3 Cr. Hrs.
A concentrated study of a particular topic in biblical studies. Possible topics. Studies in the Pentateuch; Dead Sea Scrolls; the Fourth Gospel; Apocalyptic writings. Prerequisites: Religion 110 and one of Religion 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 228, 229 or consent of instructor.

332. SEMINAR IN CONTEMPORARY THEOLOGY. 3 Cr. Hrs.
A seminar devoted to reading 20th Century theologians. Prerequisites: Religion 110, and one of Religion 200, 219, 220, 232, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245 or consent of instructor.

400. SENIOR THESIS. 3 Cr. Hrs.
In consultation with a faculty member, a second semester senior will select a research topic. With supervision from the faculty member, the student will research and write a paper during the semester. At a final senior thesis forum, the student will present his/her paper to fellow seniors as well as the faculty of the Religion and Philosophy Department.

Topics, Internships, and Independent Study
395. INTERNSHIP. 3-4 Cr. Hrs.
An internship provides work experience under an ordained supervisor with a department member as advisor. Limited to students who are pre-seminary or considering seminary.

197, 297, 397. TOPICS IN RELIGION. 2-4 Cr. Hrs.

199, 299, 399. INDEPENDENT STUDY. 2-4 Cr. Hrs.
Research in a special area, supervised by an instructor. Prerequisites: Religion 110, or consent of instructor; plus consent of department chair.

Since the winter semester 2001/2002, the college students of the St. George Catholic Theology (graduate and postgraduate studies), as well as host and second listeners an introduction to Islam as a faith and life in order. Each semester the two-year cycle has its own methods of gravity. The first is more religionsphänomenologisch, the second is the history of religions, the third and last theologiegeschichtlich systematic-theological orientation. Islam comes not only as a remote historical object in view. There are a lot more contemporary Muslim thinkers on language.

The program makes studienbegleitende with various practice areas of Christian-Muslim encounter, which are reflected in the tutorial. The courses deal with questions and criticism of Islam to life, faith and thought of Christians and take up the challenge to the Christian faith to Muslims in “understandable” way responsible.

Master program in religious studies is intended to provide increased ability to independently, critically and professionally work with the religion of scientific inquiry in the various professional sectors of society, for example in education and training, in churches and communities, the media and culture and in society. Program designed to provide advanced knowledge of and ability to apply the religion, scientific theories and methods, and to provide experience of their own research.

The program has five searchable orientations which correspond to the institution’s five disciplines, which may constitute the main area of degree: Religion History, Religion Behavioral, Bible Science, Church and Mission studies, faith and life science.

Transitional provisions
You who are adopted before the fall semester 2007, when the transition to the new study scheme, which applies from the autumn term 2007, to apply for credits for courses equivalent to a maximum of 60 credits, from the religion of scientific program, the master program. The courses can be counted on master’s education courses shall be located not less than the C-level study in the old regime.

Wartburg College understands itself as a community of faith and learning. Course work in religion helps students understand the Christian heritage, increase ethical sensitivity, gain understanding of and respect for other religions, and explore the relation between faith and life. The principal mission of philosophy is to foster in its practitioners a critical, reflective attitude. Thus, it provides students with tools to broaden narrow perspectives and analyze values, ideologies, and commitments.

During May Term, students may complete traditional courses on campus, participate in field experiences in a parish or church-related agency, take part in a San Bernardino, Calif., or Denver, Colo., immersion, visit Reformation lands, or participate in an archaeological dig.

The Religion and Philosophy Department offers several majors, minors, concentrations, and endorsements. Students are also encouraged to consider religion or philosophy as a second major to complement another area of academic study.

The goals of the religion program at Wartburg College are to equip students:
• To acquire, through the use of appropriate scholarly tools and methods, a critical
understanding of the content of the Old and New Testament writings and the historical
contexts from which they emerged.
• To examine the formative influence of the biblical tradition upon Western civilization
and to reflect on its significance for contemporary life.
• To develop a critical understanding of the interrelationship among religious beliefs,
institutions, and practices in changing historical contexts.
• To gain appreciation and respect for the common human quest for religious meaning,
informed by the study of multiple religious traditions.
• To develop the ability to analyze scriptural, historical, and theological texts.
• To identify and articulate their own religious and/or ethical values and to engage in
constructive dialogue with others whose values may differ.
• To develop moral reasoning skills and the ability to analyze issues using basic elements
of ethical theory.
• To integrate their religious and/or ethical values within a chosen course of study and a
chosen vocational field.
In addition to these, the goals of the various church vocations concentrations are for
students:
• To demonstrate successful completion of a program of contextual education within the
chosen concentration, through internships and/or immersion experiences.
• To be appropriately prepared for employment in their chosen area of ministry or for
admission into graduate or professional schools.
• To develop qualities of respect, engagement, and thoughtfulness appropriate for
religious leadership in a pluralistic society.

Religion

RELIGION 102 A: CHRISTIAN FAITH AND LIFE
Professor McDermott
Block 7A (MW 2:20-3:50)
This is an introduction to Christianity-not only its beliefs but also its practices and institutions. It will use its founding documents (the Old and New Testament Scriptures), explore its early history, and investigate contemporary concerns. Midterm, final and field visit/paper.

RELIGION 105 A: SOCRATES, JESUS, & THE BUDDHA
Professor Zorn
Block 5 (MWF 1:10-2:20)
This course is designed to introduce students to the central ideas, texts, and methods in Philosophy and Religion.We will explore fundamental questions about human nature, our place in the universe, and the best way to live as these issues have been addressed by the main figures in the religious and philosophical traditions of the Western and Eastern worlds.All members of the department will contribute lectures.CROSS-LISTED WITH PHILOSOPHY 105 A.

RELIGION 130 A:LIVING RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD
Professor Larson-Harris
Block 12 (TTh 2:40-4:20)
This course will examine the major religious traditions of both East and West.We will engage these religions in both their original forms and their modern practices, in addition to studying the lives of individuals who have shaped these traditions.The course will pay attention to the foundational texts of major world religion as well as their historical development, forms of spirituality, and articulation in theological systems.

RELIGION 201 A:ISRAELITE PATRIARCHS, PROPHETS, PRINCES, AND PRIESTS
Professor Berenson
(Formerly Religion 111: Hebrew Scriptures)
Block 3 (MWF 10:50-11:50)
In this course we will explore the history, religion, and literature of Israelite society from its origins up to the 2ndcentury B.C.E. We will examine representative and interesting texts from various portions of the Hebrew Scriptures. Our primary focus will be on interpreting these texts from a modern scholarly viewpoint in order to understand the development of Israelite society, worship, and their beliefs about God and about their relationship with him. However, central to this course is the recognition that one may interpret the Bible from a number of viewpoints and that the assumptions one brings to the text, along with the questions one asks of the text, determine greatly what one says about a text and its significance. In order to demonstrate this principle and offer alternative ways of reading the Bible, this course will contain a series of workshops called The Synagogue Project through which we will investigate the methods and goals of ancient biblical interpreters.

RELIGION 213 A: RELIGIONS AND PHILOSOPHIES OF INDIA
Professor Kelly
Block 4 (MWF 12:00-1:00)
This course will examine the movement of the religions and philosophies of India from the early Vedic Period to the Modern Period. Topics will include the Vedas, Brahmanism, the Upanishads, Buddhism, the Bhagavad-Gita, the Six Orthodox Philosophies (darsana), and Tantra. Course material will include readings from both primary and secondary literature. Religious experience and its philosophic elaboration will be emphasized. The themes of sacrifice (yajna), mantra, practice (sadhana), yoga, dharma, and karma will be discussed as essential ingredients of Indian spirituality and culture. CROSS-LISTED WITH PHILOSOPHY 213 A.

RELIGION 261 A: HISTORY OF WORLD CHRISTIANITY I: 325-1500
Professor McDermott
Block 8 (MW 4:00-5:30)
This is a survey of “world” Christianity from Nicaea and Constantine to the dawn of the Reformation. It highlights the expansion of the church outside Europe and North America.

RELIGION 270 B: EXPLORATIONS: CHRISTIAN SEXUAL ETHICS
Professor Benne
Block 10 (TTh 10:10-11:40)
This course aims at understanding and engaging normative Christian sexual ethics. It will examine historical and contemporary accounts of how Christians should lead lives in the areas of sex and marriage.

RELIGION 270 C: EXPLORATIONS:WOMEN’S SPIRITUALITY AND CHRISTIAN TRADITION
Professors Henold and W. Larson-Harris
Block 10 (TTh 10:10-11:40)
This is a collaborative course taught by Wendy Larson-Harris from English and Mary Henold from History.The course will examine the experience and contributions of women as participants in the practice of Christianity with special emphasis on the Middle Ages and 20th Century.
CROSS-LISTED WITH ENGLISH 220 B AND HISTORY 290 B.

RELIGION 325 A: MODERN THEOLOGY
Professor Wisnefske
Block 11 (TTh 1:10-2:40)
The course will study major texts which shaped and influenced Christian theology in the Modern period, roughly 1650-1950.The course could be organized around key themes (such as the influence of scientific reasoning and discoveries on Christian thought, the problem of evil, etc.), major thinkers (Kant, Schleiermacher, Kierkegaard, Bultmann, Barth, Niebuhr, etc.), or central texts (Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone, On Religion, The Essence of Christianity, Commentary on Romans, Kerygma and Myth, The Nature and Destiny of Man, etc.).

GREEK 101 A: ELEMENTARY ANCIENT GREEK I
Professor Berenson
Block 2 (MWF 9:40-10:40)
A study of the fundamentals of ancient Greek with emphasis on grammar, syntax, and vocabulary building.This course will prepare students to read both Early Christian texts (New Testament, Apostolic Fathers, Justin Martyr, etc.) as well as Classical and Hellenistic Greek authors/texts (Plato, Herodotus, Josephus, etc.).Additional readings (in English) of the dialogue On Heroes will provide students with a broad introduction to the religion and culture of ancient Greece.
Philosophy

PHILOSOPHY 105 A: SOCRATES, JESUS, & THE BUDDHA
Professor Zorn
Block 5 (MWF 1:10-2:10)
This course is designed to introduce students to the central ideas, texts, and methods in Philosophy and Religion. We will explore fundamental questions about human nature, our place in the universe, and the best way to live as these issues have been addressed by the main figures in the religious and philosophical traditions of the Western and Eastern worlds. All members of the department will contribute lectures. CROSS-LISTED WITH RELIGION 105 A.

PHILOSOPHY 205 A: MORAL PHILOSOPHY
Professor Vilhauer
Block 11 (TTh 1:10-2:40)
An introduction to the most influential ethical thinkers of Western philosophy. The course follows the search for a common ethical standard from its beginnings in Ancient Greece with Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, to the modern period of Hume, Kant, and Mill, and finally into the overarching critique of this long tradition and attempt to rethink ethics with Friedrich Nietzsche. An excellent companion course to PHIL 206: Social Philosophy.

PHILOSOPHY 213 A: RELIGIONS AND PHILOSOPHIES OF INDIA
Professor Kelly
Block 4 (MWF 12:00-1:00)
This course will examine the movement of the religions and philosophies of India from the early Vedic Period to the Modern Period. Topics will include the Vedas, Brahmanism, the Upanishads, Buddhism, the Bhagavad-Gītā, the Six Orthodox Philosophies (darśana), and Tantra. Course material will include readings from both primary and secondary literature. Religious experience and its philosophic elaboration will be emphasized. The themes of sacrifice (yajňa), mantra, practice (sādhana), yoga, dharma, and karma will be discussed as essential ingredients of Indian spirituality and culture. CROSS-LISTED WITH RELIGION 213 A.

PHILOSOPHY 265 A: AMERICAN PHILOSOPHY
Professor Hinlicky
Block 12 (TTh 2:50-4:20)
From its origins in the transition from Puritanism to a secular Republic, American philosophy has been informed by contending traditions of religion and democracy riven by slavery, racism and the catastrophe of civil war. In the modern period this contention was complicated by the rise of evolutionary science. “Pragmatism,” aka “anti-foundationalism,” is the claim that ideas are not representations mirroring a so-called ‘real world’ but tools for coping in a world that is in constant flux. This stance emerged from earlier American forms of Calvinism and draughts of 19TH century German idealism to argue that, whether or not the world is the result of an idea (i.e., God), our ideas of it are at best probable and more often little more than socially interested responses to the ideas of other human beings. The need to act puts even the best-informed person in a position of faith or opinion rather than certitude as also in an ethical position of social responsibility. In this course we will examine representative texts from important chapters in this history of thought. Major texts from the past will include William James’ Varieties of Religious Experience and Josiah Royce’s response to it, The Problem of Christianity, John Dewey’s humanist manifesto, Experience and Nature and Reinhold Niebuhr’s Protestant rejoinder, The Nature and Destiny of Man, Richard Rorty’s critique of the foundationalism of the Analytic tradition, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature and Alisdair MacIntyre’s “traditionalist” rejoinder, Whose Justice? Which Rationality?

PHILOSOPHY 340 A: TOPICS IN CONTEMPORARY EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHY: HERMENEUTICS
Professor Vilhauer
Block 7A (MW 2:20-3:50)
An introduction to the philosophy of interpretation, or “Hermeneutics.” By focusing on the work of Hans-Georg Gadamer, father of contemporary hermeneutics, we will strive to grasp how understanding is fundamentally an interpretive process — whether we are aiming to understand an artwork, a text, historical tradition, or the spoken articulation of others in dialogue. Our guiding questions will include the following: What makes interpretation possible? What role do prejudices play in interpretation? What causes interpretation to be more or less “correct”? Is “objectivity” possible in interpretation? What ethical commitments must we make in our efforts to understand the meaning of others? Does interpretation always take place in language? These questions will lead us to even more fundamental philosophical questions about the character of human existence, such as whether or not we can understand ourselves as primordially interpretive beings.

Course Descriptions
RELB 105 Encountering the Bible: A Survey (3)
A book-by book survey of both Old and New Testaments designed to provide a foundation for other religion courses for those students who have not had secondary Bible. (Offered through External Degree only)

RELB 160 Jesus and the Gospels (3)
An introductory study of Jesus’ life and teaching through the close readings of the four canonical gospels. (Fall and Spring Semesters)

RELB 170 Celebrating the Experience of Scripture (3)
An exploration of the stories, hymns, poetry and sayings that make up the Christian Bible. Students learn that the texts emerged from human experience while exploring possible connections to contemporary faith and life. (Spring Semester)

RELB 280 World Religions (3)
A general course dealing with world religions and contemporary expressions of faith; the distinctions between cult, sect, and denomination; and the place of dialogue and mission in a religiously pluralistic world. (Offered through External Degree only)

RELB 294 Topics in Religion (1-4)
Designed for students who wish a course not listed in the regular offerings. A selected topic in religion will be explored. (Offered as needed)

RELB 295 Independent Study in Religion (1-3)
Study on an independent basis in collaboration with the instructor on a topic in biblical studies at the lower division level. (Offered as needed)

RELB 307 Exile and Return: Introduction to the Old Testament (3)
An interdisciplinary introduction to the Old Testament with emphasis on the narratives and wisdom writings. While learning the history of Israel as a people, students will explore the theological convictions that created this sacred text. (Spring Semester)

RELB 310 Hebrew Prophets (3)
An introduction to the sixteen prophetic books of the Old Testament. As agents of change in their societies, the prophets challenged economic exploitation and other forms of social injustice. Students will consider people who speak within the prophetic tradition today. (Fall Semester)

RELB 325 Jewish Apocalyptic Writings: Daniel (3)
Apocalyptic literature was first created by Jewish communities as they wrestled with the problem of evil. After a brief overview of apocalyptic writings found the Old Testament, students will study this unique style by doing a close reading of the book of Daniel.

RELB 335A Old Testament Prophets – Early (3)
Suggested background: Minimum of 6 semester hours in college Bible or equivalent. A study of the writings of the early Old Testament prophets arranged in chronological order. (Offered through External Degree only)

RELB 336 Old Testament Prophets – Later (3)
Suggested background: Minimum of 6 semester hours in college Bible or equivalent. A study of the writings of the later Old Testament prophets arranged in chronological order. (Offered through External Degree only)

RELB 345 Worship and Witness: Introduction to the New Testament (3)
Prerequisite: RELB 160. An introduction to the theological convictions of the earliest Christians through a study of the literature found in the New Testament. Students will consider the social situations of the writers and their churches, as well as the convictions concerning Jesus Christ which shaped their writings. (Fall Semester)

RELB 385 Christian Ethics and Modern Society (3)
The nature and principles of the Christian life as revealed in the New Testament and historically developed in the Christian community, with application to problems of personal conduct and to family and social institutions. (Offered through External Degree only)

RELB 405 Acts and the Epistles (3)
A detailed examination of the exciting stories of the first-generation Christians as they struggled to spread their faith. Students will study Acts and all of the epistles of Paul. (Offered through External Degree only)

RELB 410 Biblical Theology (3)
Prerequisite: Restricted to theology and religion majors. An in-depth study of many of the theological concepts of both the Old and New Testaments. A study of the God-man, the nature of His kingdom, the Trinity, and the way of salvation. (Offered through External Degree only)

RELB 425 Christian Apocalyptic Writings: Revelation (3)
Christians modified Jewish apocalyptic literature by including and emphasizing the life and work of Jesus Christ. In this course, students will be challenged to learn principles for interpretation and to experience this final book of the Bible as they explore its relevance for contemporary faith and life. (Spring Semester)

RELB 491 Seminar in Contemporary Theology (3)
Prerequisite: RELB 410. Restricted to theology and religion majors. An analytical study through group discussion of subjects and topics current in theological circles today. (Offered through External Degree only)

RELB 494 Topics in Religion (1-4)
Designed for students who wish a course not listed in the regular offerings. A selected topic in religion will be explored. (Offered as needed)

RELB 495 Independent Study in Religion (1-3)
Study on an independent basis in collaboration with the instructor on a topic in biblical studies at the upper division level. (Offered as needed)

RELL 201; 202 Elementary Greek I; II (3; 3)
An introduction to the elements of grammar and syntax of New Testament Greek including vocabulary study and exercises in translation. (Fall Semester; Spring Semester)

RELL 211; 212 Elementary Biblical Hebrew I; II(3; 3)
These courses cover basic elements of the Hebrew grammar, particularly morphology and syntax, basic Hebrew vocabulary and exercises in reading of the Old Testament. Students will also familiarize themselves with the basic grammar and lexical reference tools.

RELL 251; 252 Intermediate Greek I; II (3; 3)
Prerequisite: RELL 202. A study of the syntax of New Testament Greek, with practice in reading and translating selected New Testament books. (Fall Semester; Spring Semester)

RELP 220 Knowing and Sharing Christ (3)
Explores how Christians can both better understand their faith in Christ and comfortably, yet winsomely, share it in the context of today’s busy, multi-faith society. The course will help students discover powerful motives and effective, easily implemented strategies that will enable them to communicate the gospel actively in ways that are compatible with their personality and abilities. (Spring Semester)

RELP 222 Small Group Ministry (3)
Equips the student to develop and lead small groups in the context of a local church setting. Focuses on group dynamics, leadership styles, small group communication, methods of evaluation, and various types and purposes of small groups. (Spring Semester and Summer Session)

RELP 225 Christian Spiritual Formation (3)
The course is designed to explore theological foundations of Christian spirituality and offer practical guidance for inner spiritual transformation of the human being. Course procedure will combine readings from classic and contemporary spiritual works and practice of traditional Christian spiritual disciplines such as: study, prayer, worship, fasting, simplicity, and service. Cross-listed as RELT 225.

RELP 260 Christian Worship and Church Music (3)
In this course the variety of worship styles and church music will be explored and examined. Attendance at local churches that do Christian worship in many different ways will be an important component of this course. Church music and other essential components of liturgy will be studied.

RELP 294 Topics in Pastoral Theology (1-4)
Designed for students who wish a course not listed in the regular offerings. A selected topic in religion will be explored. (Offered as needed)

RELP 295 Independent Study in Pastoral Theology (1-3)
Study on an independent basis in collaboration with the instructor on a topic in biblical studies at the lower division level. (Offered as needed)

RELP 305 Ministry in the City (3)
Surveys a number of existing models of urban ministry and involves the student in a program of guided reading and discussion. (Fall Semester)

RELP 308 Biblical Preaching and Practicum (3)
Prerequisite: COMM 105. An introduction to the principles governing sermon construction and the development of a theology of preaching. Careful attention is given to the structuring of various types of sermons as well as to the dynamics of delivery styles. Course requirements include required videotaped sessions and evaluation by the instructor and fellow students. Further opportunities are created to apply the homiletical principles through class presentations, guest lecturers and specialized assigned readings. Students are assigned to preach in area churches, where they are monitored and evaluated.

RELP 360 Pastoral Leadership and Externship (3)
Prerequisite: Enrollment as a theology or religion major. An introduction to the gospel ministry. The class studies the nature and function of pastoral ministry with the intent of acquainting the prospective minister with the unique combination of roles and responsibilities carried by a pastor in a local congregation. Students will reflect on what it means to receive a “call” to ministry in the light of their experience, and will come to understand the sensitive skills and gifts that contribute to effective pastoral leadership. The course includes directed field experience that further provides an understanding of the dynamics of church life and organization. The course is enriched by visits of those specialists in selected areas of ministry. (Fall Semester with practicum continuing in the Spring)

RELP 370 Field School of Evangelism (3)
Prerequisite: Enrollment as a theology or religion major. A study of the principles employed in conducting various types of public evangelistic outreach and the challenge of reaching people for Christ within today’s context. This course combines the theory and practice of bringing people to Jesus Christ in larger groups. Students will learn how to plan, develop, and conduct a public evangelistic program through contemporary approaches and techniques. Involvement in an area evangelistic effort is the major part of this course. Students are expected to attend pre- and post-series programs, attend all evening meetings and Sabbath worship services held during the series, carry specific responsibilities of the evangelistic team, make in-home visits, and give personal Bible studies.

RELP 391 The Theory and Practice of Urban Ministry (3)
Explores the nature of the city from a global perspective, noting the history and development of cities, their relationship to the mission of God and the church. Will also explore ways in which the church has and may impact the cities. The city of Washington, D.C., will be used in case study, as it is an acceptable microcosm of the global urban reality and will give the student practical, hands-on experience in urban ministry in a variety of settings throughout the metroplex of Washington, D.C., and Baltimore. The student will be exposed to ministries with the hungry, the homeless, the battered, the addicted, and the alien, as well as to a variety of public and private agencies that deal with these issues. An integral part of the practicum will be a supervised urban immersion consisting of three days and two nights on the streets. (Spring Semester and Summer Session)

RELP 398 Practicum in Ministry (2-3)
Prerequisite: RELP 220 or concurrent registration. A specialized field training program for religion or theology majors in which the student is a participant in one or more of the following settings: (1) urban ministry, (2) public or personal evangelism, (3) clinical pastoral ministry, and (4) church/school teaching. The student’s experience is carefully supervised and evaluated. Graded pass/fail. Course may be repeated for credit. (Spring Semester)

RELP 450 Christian Mission (3)
Explores the history and purpose of Christian mission from the apostolic period to the present and projects into the future. Various paradigms of mission will be studied and evaluated. The purpose of the course is to prepare urban (and other) missionaries to understand how they fit into the total picture of Christian missions and how this may best be practiced into the multicultural twenty-first century. (Spring Semester and Summer Session)

RELP 460 Cross-Cultural Ministry (3)
This course is built on three foundational positions: (1) All communication is cross-cultural to some degree. (2) Culture is the way people organize their experiences to develop a worldview, values, beliefs, a social framework, and behavioral patterns. (3) Communication is the human part of proclamation and discipling. Course focuses on communication and mission, communication and culture, world-views, ways of thinking, behavioral patterns, and social structures as they relate to ministry in a multi-cultural context.

RELP 461 Metro Ministry Practicum (3)
This course encompasses direct field experience in a metropolitan church in the greater Washington/Baltimore area providing and understanding of the dynamics of church life, mission and organization in the urban and/or suburban setting. The course will be enriched by visits to different churches in the metropolitan area and guest lectures by specialists in urban ministry.

RELP 462 Metro Ministry Field School (3)
A study of the principles employed in conducting various types of public outreach within the metropolitan context. This course studies the dynamics of serving the community and people in the urban and suburban areas of Washington and Baltimore, and other large metropolitan areas within our territory. Practical involvement in a metropolitan setting is an essential part of this course. Students are expected to experience a hands-on first-hand and night ‘gateway to service’ in a city setting.

RELP 494 Topics in Pastoral Theology (1-4)
Designed for students who wish a course not listed in the regular offerings. A selected topic in religion will be explored. (Offered as needed)

RELT 190 Ellen G. White and Adventist Theology (3)
A study of the key events in the life and ministry of Ellen G. White and her major theological influence on the Seventh-day Adventist history and theology.

RELT 220 Knowing and Sharing Christ (2-3)
Explores how Christians can both better understand their faith in Christ and comfortably, yet winsomely, share it in the context of today’s busy, multi-faith society. The course will help students discover powerful motives and effective, easily implemented strategies that will enable them to communicate the gospel actively in ways that are compatible with their personality and abilities. (Offered through External Degree only)

RELT 225 Christian Spiritual Formation (3)
The course is designed to explore theological foundations of Christian spirituality and offer practical guidance for inner spiritual transformation of the human being. Course procedure will combine readings from classic and contemporary spiritual works and practice of traditional Christian spiritual disciplines such as: study, prayer, worship, fasting, simplicity, and service. Cross-listed as RELP 225.

RELT 235 Principles of Bible Instruction (3)
Designed for those who wish to become effective lay or professional Bible instructors on the level of the local church and community. Various methods, teaching styles, and approaches are discussed. Students are required to design a full-message series of bible studies and participate in videotaped practice sessions in which studies are orally presented. (Offered through External Degree only)

RELT 240 Foundations of Religious Education (3)
A study of the biblical, philosophical, historical, and curricular issues in the church setting of religious education.

RELT 250 Principles of Christian Faith (3)
A study of the basic Christian teachings as derived from Scripture and understood within the Seventh-day Adventist faith. (Fall and Spring Semesters)

RELT 270 Adventist Heritage and Mission (3)
An investigation of Seventh-day Adventist church history with a preliminary review of backgrounds and foundations of the Advent message from apostolic times. Concentration on the church’s beginnings in America; the 1844 experience; history, organization, and development of the Seventh-day Adventist denomination in America and in the world, with special attention being given to the writings of the prophets, particularly Ellen G. White. (Fall Semester)

RELT 280 Moral Issues in World Religions (3)
A general study of major world religions and contemporary expressions of faith. Special emphasis will be given to examining the various ways in which different religions react to moral dilemmas and how they implement their beliefs in a variety of worship styles and ethical lifestyles. The advantage of headquarters, worship places and educational institutions of major world religions in the Metropolitan Washington area will be utilized as much as possible for practical exposition to the world faiths studied in this course.

RELT 308 Biblical Preaching (3)
Prerequisite: CMME 105. An introduction to the principles governing sermon construction and the development of a theology of preaching. Careful attention is given to the structuring of various types of sermons as well as to the dynamics of delivery styles. Includes required videotape sessions and evaluation by the instructor and fellow students. Normally taken in the junior year. (Offered through External Degree only)

RELT 320 Religion and American Culture (3)
A study of the role of religion in American history and contemporary culture. The beliefs and structures of mainstream Protestant denominations as well as American Catholicism, selected sects and cults, American Judaism, and the role religion has played in American history and culture. Regular visits to local churches and synagogues provide firsthand experience of the various forms of worship, liturgy, and beliefs. Cross-listed as HIST 320. (Spring Semester)

RELT 335 Pauline Theology (3)
An investigation of Paul as a person, pastor and theologian will be the focus of this course. A comprehensive study of the Pauline corpus and Paul’s theological influences on the development of early Christian theology will help students in their theological and missionary endeavors.

RELT 340 Issues in Faith Development (3)
A survey of biblical concepts of faith as they relate to current paradigms of faith development, human development, and moral development.

RELT 350 Faith Seeking Understanding: Christian Doctrines (3)
This course seeks to engage students in reflection on some of the central Christian theological topics according to the distinct emphasis of the Adventist tradition. An in-depth inquiry into the nature, function and practice of constructive theological activity as an essential component in the life and mission of the church. Anselm’s phrase “faith seeking understanding” underscores the continual theological reflection: What? Why? How? of doing theology.

RELT 360 Christian Ministry (3)
Prerequisite: Restricted to theology and religion majors. An introduction to the gospel ministry. The class studies the nature and function of pastoral ministry with the intent of acquainting the prospective minister with the unique combination of roles and responsibilities carried by a pastor in a local congregation. Students will reflect on what it means to receive a “call” to ministry in the light of their experience, and will come to understand the sensitive skills and gifts that contribute to effective pastoral leadership. The course includes directed field experience that further provides an understanding of the dynamics of church life and organization. The course is enriched by visits of those specialists in selected areas of ministry. (Offered through External Degree only)

RELT 370 Public Evangelism (2)
Prerequisite: RELT 220 or concurrent registration. A study of the principles employed in conducting various types of public evangelistic outreach. The challenge of reaching the masses within today’s context and understanding the dynamics of bringing people to Jesus Christ in larger groups. How to plan, develop, and conduct a public evangelistic program. Contemporary approaches and techniques. Involvement in an area evangelistic outreach is required. (Offered through External Degree only)

RELT 375 Philosophy of Religion (3)
Explores the philosophical questions surrounding religious belief, experience, and practice. Issues such as the meaning of religious language, the validity of religious experience, the certainty of religious knowledge, and the reality of God will be considered. (Fall Semester)

RELT 385 Christian Ethics and Modern Society (3)
The nature and principles of the Christian life as revealed in the New Testament and historically developed in the Christian community, with application to problems of personal conduct and to family and social institutions. (Spring Semester)

RELT 410 Biblical Theology (3)
Prerequisite: RELB 307 and/or RELB 345. As its title suggests, this course combines biblical studies and theology. Students first learn the essential interpretive skills for studying Scripture. Theythen determine theological themes found throughout the Old and New Testaments, followed by the opportunity to evaluate the convictions of various contemporary theologians. (Fall Semester)

RELT 460 Cross-Cultural Ministry (3)
This course is built on three foundational positions: (1) All communication is cross-cultural to some degree. (2) Culture is the way people organize their experiences to develop a worldview, values, beliefs, a social framework, and behavioral patterns. (3) Communication is the human part of proclamation and discipling. Course focuses on communication and mission, communication and culture, world-views, ways of thinking, behavioral patterns, and social structures as they relate to ministry in a multi-cultural context. (Offered through External Degree only)

RELT 491 Seminar in Contemporary Theology (3)
Prerequisite: RELT 410. Restricted to theology and religion majors. An analytical study through group discussion of subjects and topics current in theological circles today. (Spring Semester)

RELT 494 Topics in Theology (1-3)
Designed for students who wish a course not listed in the regular offerings. A selected topic in theology will be explored. (Offered as needed)

RELT 495 Independent Study in Theology (1-3)
Study on an independent basis in collaboration with the instructor on a topic in theology at the upper division level. (Offered as needed)

RELT 498 Thesis in Philosophy of Religion (4)
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. Thesis is open only to the final year students in the Philosophy and Religion major whose accumulative GPA is 3.00 and higher (students with accumulative GPA below 3.00 should do an independent study or an additional elective course instead of the thesis). It is intended to give students the opportunity to explore a topic of their choice in greater depth and sophistication than is possible in other modules. Quality of thought, coherence of argument and the competence and judgment shown in investigating the chosen topic are more important than the length or quantity of work, but the essay has a word limit of between 8,000 and 12,000 words.

RLGN 314 Science and Christian Belief (1)
Prerequisite: A course or knowledge of physical science. A detailed examination of the harmony between science and the Bible. Designed to help the student see the complementary relationships between the Word of God and natural law. (Offered through External Degree only)

RLGN 360 Prophetic Guidance (2)
A study of one of the principal means by which God communicates with people. The work of His prophets in Old Testament times is explained. The tests and functions of a true prophet are examined. The work and life of Ellen G. White and God’s influence on His remnant church through her are stressed. A paper is required. (Offered through External Degree only)